What is Pterygium (Surfer’s Eye)?
Pterygium, commonly known as Surfer’s Eye, is a non-cancerous growth of tissue on the white part of the eye (conjunctiva) that can extend onto the cornea. It often develops in individuals frequently exposed to UV rays, wind, and dust—hence the name “Surfer’s Eye.” This condition can cause discomfort, vision disturbances, and, in severe cases, interfere with eyesight.
Although pterygium is not life-threatening, it can be progressive, requiring medical intervention in some cases. Early detection and management can prevent complications, making awareness essential for individuals at risk.
Symptoms of Pterygium (Surfer’s Eye)
Pterygium symptoms vary depending on its size, growth rate, and location. Common signs include:
- Foreign Body Sensation A persistent feeling of something stuck in the eye is common, leading to discomfort, excessive blinking, or rubbing.
- Tearing from the Eyes Excessive tearing, also called epiphora, occurs as the eye tries to remove irritation caused by the growth.
- Dryness of the Eyes Pterygium disrupts the normal tear film, leading to chronic dry eyes, discomfort, and irritation.
- Redness Due to inflammation, the affected eye often appears red and irritated, especially after exposure to wind or sunlight.
- Blurred Vision As the pterygium extends onto the cornea, it can distort vision, leading to blurred or obstructed eyesight.
- Eye Irritation A growing pterygium can cause itching, burning, and overall discomfort, especially in dry or dusty environments.
Causes of Pterygium (Surfer’s Eye)
Pterygium is strongly linked to environmental factors, especially exposure to UV rays, wind, and dust. Other contributing factors include:
UV Exposure (Biggest Risk Factor)
Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the primary cause of pterygium. This explains why it is commonly seen in surfers, fishermen, and outdoor workers.
Chronic Eye Irritation
Frequent exposure to dry, dusty, or smoky environments increases irritation, making individuals more susceptible to pterygium.
Wind and Sand Exposure
High-wind environments, especially in coastal areas, can lead to increased evaporation of tears, making the eyes dry and prone to irritation.
Genetic Factors
Studies suggest that genetics may play a role in pterygium development, with some individuals being more prone to the condition.
Contact Lens Use & Eye Strain
Excessive contact lens wear or digital eye strain may contribute to discomfort and increase the risk of pterygium self-care negligence.