What is Cataract?
An eye cataract forms when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, making it harder to see clearly. The lens, which is normally clear, helps focus light on the retina to produce sharp vision. When it becomes cloudy, it can cause cataract symptoms like blurry vision, glare, and trouble with night driving. Although common in older adults, eye cataracts can also be caused by injuries, medical conditions, or prolonged UV exposure. Cataracts progress slowly but can be effectively treated with modern surgical techniques.
The Most Common Cataract Symptoms Include:
Cataract symptoms vary depending on the type and stage of the cataract. Common cataract signs and symptoms in the eye include:
- Cloudy or Blurred Vision: Objects may appear fuzzy, and vision may feel foggy or unclear.
- Sensitivity to Light and Glare: Bright sunlight, headlights, or even indoor lighting can cause discomfort and difficulty seeing.
- Poor Night Vision: Difficulty seeing in low light or during nighttime activities, such as driving, is common.
- Fading or Yellowed Colors: Colors may lose their vibrancy, appearing dull or washed out.
- Halos Around Lights: Seeing halos or rings around bright lights, especially at night.
- Double Vision in One Eye: Some patients report seeing double images due to the clouded lens.
What are the Causes of Cataract?
There are several causes of cataract, with aging being the most common. Other factors that lead to the formation of cataracts include:
Aging: Natural changes in the lens cause protein breakdown and cloudiness, resulting in cataracts.
Eye Injuries: Trauma to the eye can lead to cataract formation, either immediately or years later.
Family History: A family history of cataracts increases the risk.
Medical Conditions: Conditions like diabetes significantly increase the likelihood of developing cataracts.
UV Exposure: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays without proper eye protection can damage the lens.
Steroid Use: Long-term use of corticosteroids can accelerate cataract formation.
Smoking and Alcohol: Both habits contribute to oxidative damage in the eye and increase the risk of cataracts.