What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a silent thief of sight—one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. This progressive eye disease damages the optic nerve due to increased intraocular pressure, leading to gradual vision loss. The most alarming part? It often creeps in without noticeable symptoms until significant damage is done.
Understanding glaucoma, its causes, symptoms, and prevention methods can help safeguard your vision.
What Are the Symptoms of Glaucoma?
Glaucoma symptoms vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. While some people may experience gradual vision changes, others may notice sudden and severe symptoms. Below are the warning signs:
Loss of Vision
One of the most significant indicators of glaucoma is glaucoma vision deterioration, where blind spots appear in peripheral or central vision.
Blurry Vision
Blurred or hazy vision is an early warning sign, especially in angle-closure glaucoma where the pressure spikes suddenly.
Persistent Headache
High intraocular pressure can lead to intense headaches, often accompanied by eye pain.
Eye Redness
Redness in the eye is another symptom of glaucoma disease, indicating increased intraocular pressure or inflammation.
Stomach Upset, Nausea, and Vomiting
In acute cases, sudden pressure spikes can lead to nausea and vomiting, often misattributed to other conditions.
Pain in the Eye
Discomfort or severe pain in the eye may indicate phacolytic glaucoma or phacomorphic glaucoma, where lens changes obstruct normal fluid drainage.
Early Presbyopia
Difficulty focusing on nearby objects may suggest early onset of eye disorders linked to glaucoma.
Causes of Glaucoma
Several factors contribute to glaucoma. While some are hereditary, others arise due to lifestyle and medical conditions. Glaucoma Causes Included:
Build-up of Aqueous Humor Inside the Eye
The eye maintains internal pressure by producing and draining aqueous humor. A blockage in this drainage system can lead to excessive pressure.
Genetic Reasons
Family history significantly increases the risk of developing glaucoma symptoms over time.
Birth Defects
Congenital defects in the eye’s drainage system can cause childhood glaucoma.
Blunt or Chemical Injury
Trauma or exposure to harmful chemicals can disrupt the normal flow of fluids inside the eye.
Acute Eye Infection
Certain infections cause inflammation and scarring, leading to glaucoma disease.
Blockage by Blood Vessels Inside the Eye
Poor circulation can cause vessel blockages, increasing the risk of glaucoma vision loss.
Inflammatory Conditions
Autoimmune diseases like uveitis can trigger secondary glaucoma.